Some thoughts on the Pre‑Indo‑European system
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Abstract
The aforementioned reconstruction shed some light on the process of the development of the Proto‑Indo‑European language from the active agglutinative‑ergative type to the gender inflectional‑nominative type. The origins of declension (suppletive > stem‑related > gender) is perceived in the pronoun, which featured the inclusivus (> dualis)/exclusivus (> pluralis), animate gender/inanimate gender and abundant suppletivism. The nominal origins of conjugation is indicated by the similarity between the endings to pronouns (-m/-s/-t) and suppletive formants (-nt/-r), o vocalism in the perfectum, the emergence of tenses from aspects. Composition was supposedly the source of rich derivation. As far as phonetics is concerned, this phenomenon was accompanied by the disappearance of laryngeal consonants, the expansion of vocalism and the correlation of palatality. Examples of syntactic archaism have to do with the nominal sentence without a copula, absolute constructions in the function of subordinate clauses and the paratactic conjunction (postpositive polysyndeton as it is the case with suffixes). It is easy to notice that a system of the proto‑language that is described in such a way is typologically most similar to Caucasian (Kartvelian) languages on the one hand, and Uralic (?Euroasiatic) languages on the other hand. However, the relatively pauce lexical similarities may be a result of secondary contacts instead of a common heritage.
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